Identification of Mamu-DPA1, Mamu-DQA1, and Mamu-DRA alleles in a cohort of Chinese rhesus macaques

Rhesus macaques have long been used as animal models for various human diseases; the susceptibility and/or resistance to some of these diseases are related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). To gain insight into the MHC background and to facilitate the experimental use of Chinese rhesus macaques, Mamu-DPA1, Mamu-DQA1, and Mamu-DRA alleles were investigated in 30 Chinese rhesus macaques by gene cloning and sequencing. A total of 14 Mamu-DPA1, 17 Mamu-DQA1, and 9 Mamu-DRA alleles were identified in this study. Of these alleles, 22 novel sequences have not been documented in earlier studies, including nine Mamu-DPA1, ten Mamu-DQA1, and three Mamu-DRA alleles. Interestingly, like Mafa-DQA1 and Mafa-DPA1, more than two Mamu-DQA1 and Mamu-DPA1 alleles were detected in one animal in this study, which suggested that they might represent gene duplication. If our findings can be validated by other studies, it will further increase the number of known Mamu-DPA1 and Mamu-DQA1 polymorphisms. Our data also indicated significant differences in MHC class II allele distribution among the Chinese rhesus macaques, Vietnamese cynomolgus macaques, and the previously reported rhesus macaques, which were mostly of Indian origin. This information will not only promote the understanding of Chinese rhesus macaque MHC diversity and polymorphism but will also facilitate the use of Chinese rhesus macaques in studies of human disease.     

Hepatopancreas and ovary are sites of vitellogenin synthesis as determined from partial cDNA encoding of vitellogenin in the marine shrimp,Penaeus vannamei

Summary

The site of yolk protein synthesis in crustaceans has long been a subject of controversy. A portion of the vitellogenin gene structure was reported recently in a freshwater giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodori), in which the hepatopancreas was confirmed to be the extraovarian site of vitellogenin synthesis. The ovary is also frequently reported to be the site of yolk protein synthesis in penaeid shrimp. The same PCR product was obtained using cDNA from the hepatopancreas or the ovary as a template. The deduced amino acid sequence of Vg in P. vannamei showed high identities of 57% and 78% with those from M. rosenbergii and P. monodon, respectively. The same location of the intron in the sequenced region of genomic DNA was also found between these three species. We therefore concluded that the hepatopancreas and ovary are sites of vitellogenin synthesis in P. vannamei. The partial structure of the vitellogenin gene is further presented.     

Compromised NK Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Chronic SIV/SHIV Infection

Increasing evidence indicates that antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) contributes to the control of HIV/SIV infection. However, little is known about the ADCC function of natural killer (NK) cells in non-human primate model. Here we demonstrated that ADCC function of NK cells was significantly compromised in chronic SIV/SHIV infection, correlating closely with the expression of FcγRIIIa receptor (CD16) on NK cells. CD32, another class of IgG Fc receptors, was identified on NK cells with higher expression in the infected macaques and the blockade of CD32 impacted the ability of NK cells to respond to antibody-coated target cells. The inhibition of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), a group of enzymes normally involved in tissue/receptor remodeling, could restore NK cell-mediated ADCC with increased CD16 expression on macaque NK cells. These data offer a clearer understanding of NK cell-mediated ADCC in rhesus macaques, which will allow us to evaluate the ADCC repertoire arising from preclinical vaccination studies in non-human primates and inform us in the future design of effective HIV vaccination strategies.     

一种展示SARS冠状病毒受体结合区的重组枯草杆菌芽孢的制备及免疫原性分析

目的：利用枯草杆菌芽孢呈递技术制备表达SARS冠状病毒S蛋白受体结合区（RBD）的重组芽孢。方法：将枯草杆菌 CotB 基因构建到基因组整合质粒pDG1664中,再将 RBD 基因连接到 CotB 基因的下游,构建成重组质粒pDG1664-CotB-RBD,通过同源重组整合到PY-79枯草杆菌基因组中;利用红霉素抗性筛选重组菌并进行PCR和DNA测序鉴定,Western印迹鉴定重组菌芽孢表面RBD蛋白的表达情况;用表达RBD的重组芽孢以口服方式免疫小鼠,通过ELISA和流式细胞术检测重组芽孢的免疫原性。结果：制备出枯草杆菌基因组整合了RBD抗原基因的重组菌株RS1931,形成的重组芽孢表达相对分子质量约62×103的CotB-RBD融合蛋白;重组芽孢免疫的小鼠血清RBD抗原特异性IgG抗体滴度在末次免疫后2周可达1∶10880,重组芽孢初免后18周的小鼠脾细胞中IFN-γ＋CD4^＋、IL-4＋CD4^＋和IFN-γ＋CD8^＋T细胞比例上调,表明重组芽孢经口服免疫产生良好的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。结论：针对SARS冠状病毒S蛋白RBD建立了枯草杆菌芽孢呈递技术方法,制备出在枯草杆菌芽孢表面稳定表达外源RBD蛋白的重组株,获得的重组芽孢具有良好的免疫原性,为开发芽孢呈递型SARS疫苗奠定了基础。     

亚热带人工林下植被根际土壤酶化学计量特征

为探讨林下植被根际土壤酶化学计量特征及其对林分类型和季节的响应, 该研究以江西省泰和县千烟洲试验站典型人工杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和湿地松(Pinus elliottii)林林下优势灌草檵木(Loropetalum chinense)、杨桐(Adinandra millettii)、格药柃(Eurya muricata)、狗脊蕨(Woodwardia japonica)和暗鳞鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris atrata)为对象, 在植被生长初期(4月)和旺盛期(7月)测定优势灌草根际土壤与碳(C)循环相关的β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、与氮(N)循环相关的β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、与磷(P)循环相关的酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性、酶化学计量比及土壤理化性质。结果发现: (1)根际土壤与C和N循环相关的酶活性以及BG:AP (酶C:P)在不同林下植被之间存在显著差异, 而与P循环相关的酶活性差异不显著。林分类型和取样季节显著影响BG:(NAG+LAP)(酶C:N), 且林下植被类型、林分类型和取样季节交互影响酶C:P。主成分分析表明, 根际土壤酶的活性及计量比在不同林下植被(檵木不同于格药柃, 且二者显著区别于其他物种)、林分类型(杉木林区别于马尾松、湿地松林)和取样季节之间均存在显著差异。土壤硝态氮(NO₃ ^--N)、铵态氮(NH₄ ⁺-N)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量和碳氮比(C:N)是影响林下植被根际土壤酶的活性及化学计量比的主要因素。(2)标准主轴回归分析表明, 林下植被根际土壤lg(BG)、lg(NAG+LAP)和lg(AP)之间存在显著线性关系, lgBG:lg(NAG+LAP):lgAP (酶C:N:P)约为1:1:1.3, 酶C:P及(NAG+LAP):AP (酶N:P)分别为0.14和0.15。AP远大于BG和NAG+LAP的活性, 导致lg(BG)和lg(NAG+LAP)与lg(AP)的回归斜率极显著偏离1。说明林下植被根际土壤酶的活性及计量比受植被种类、林分类型及取样季节影响, 且基质有效性在其中发挥重要作用。相较于C循环和N循环, 微生物会分配更多资源用于P循环相关酶的生产, 暗示亚热带人工林林下植被根际土壤微生物生长和活性更易受P限制。     

Calculation of an Adequate Intake (AI) Value and Safe Range of Selenium (Se) for Chinese Infants 0–3 Months Old Based on Se Concentration in the Milk of Lactating Chinese Women with Optimal Se Intake

Biological Trace Element Research - The required selenium intake for optimal health in Chinese residents was published in 2014. However, the adequate intake (AI) value for Chinese infants...     

小麦的遗传转化

概述了小麦遗传转化的发展历史与现状,分析了几种小麦转化技术的优势和不足,并对小麦遗传转化中的有关问题作了展望。     

地方医科大学实验动物管理工作水平评价指标体系的构建

目的构建地方医科大学实验动物管理工作水平评价指标体系,为高校实验动物管理工作的评价提供参考。方法根据研究主题确定咨询专家人选37人,采用Delphi法进行问卷调查和统计分析。结果两轮咨询问卷回收率分别为70．27％和76．92％。权威系数为0．855;第二轮指标体系的协调系数为0．486。结论本次研究构成的地方医科大学实验动物管理工作水平评价指标体系是可靠的。     

一株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

2004年1月湖北宜昌某鸡场暴发疫病,从该鸡场濒死鸡肺组织中分离到了一株病毒,电镜切片观察到典型的禽流感病毒粒子;采用ELISA检测禽流感抗原为阳性;RT-PCR扩增HA、NA基因并测序,经BLAST分析,HA基因与A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96(H5N1)HA基因同源性为97％;NA基因与A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96(H5N1)NA基因同源性为96％,确定该分离株为禽流感病毒H5N1亚型(A／Chicken／Yichang／Lung-1／04(H5N1))。